India largest exporter of rice12/23/2023 ![]() ![]() ![]() The usual arrangement is for lowland fields to be surrounded by bunds and flooded to a depth of a few centimetres until around a week before harvest time this requires a large amount of water. Rice can be grown in different environments, depending upon water availability. Rice does not thrive if waterlogged, yet it can survive and grow in paddy fields which are regularly flooded. Biotic factors deal with weeds, insects, diseases, and crop varieties. Soil factors include soil type and their position in uplands or lowlands. Environmental factors include rainfall and water, temperature, photoperiod, solar radiation and, in some instances, tropical storms. Rice growth and production are affected by: the environment, soil properties, biotic conditions, and cultural practices. It is normally an annual, but in the tropics it can survive as a perennial and can produce a ratoon crop for up to 30 years. As a tropical crop, it can be grown during the two distinct seasons (dry and wet) of the year provided that sufficient water is made available. Rice is a cereal belonging to the family Poecae. ![]() The small wind-pollinated flowers are produced in a branched arching to pendulous inflorescence 30–50 cm (12–20 in) long. The rice plant can grow to 1–1.8 m (3–6 ft) tall, occasionally more depending on the variety and soil fertility. Production and consumption of rice is estimated to have been responsible for 4% of global greenhouse gas emissions in 2010. Although its parent species are native to Asia and certain parts of Africa, centuries of trade and exportation have made it commonplace in many cultures worldwide. However, rice can be grown practically anywhere, even on a steep hill or mountain area with the use of water-controlling terrace systems. Rice cultivation is well-suited to countries and regions with low labor costs and high rainfall, as it is labor-intensive to cultivate and requires ample water. Rice, a monocot, is normally grown as an annual plant. While flooding is not mandatory for the cultivation of rice, all other methods of irrigation require higher effort in weed and pest control during growth periods and a different approach for fertilizing the soil. This simple method requires sound irrigation planning, but it reduces the growth of less robust weed and pest plants that have no submerged growth state, and deters vermin. The traditional method for cultivating rice is flooding the fields while, or after, setting the young seedlings. There are many varieties of rice, and culinary preferences tend to vary regionally. Since sizable portions of sugarcane and maize crops are used for purposes other than human consumption, rice is the most important food crop with regard to human nutrition and caloric intake, providing more than one-fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by humans. It is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production, after sugarcane and maize. The name wild rice is usually used for species of the genera Zizania and Porteresia, both wild and domesticated, although the term may also be used for primitive or uncultivated varieties of Oryza.Īs a cereal grain, domesticated rice is the most widely consumed staple food for over half of the world's human population, particularly in Asia and Africa. Rice is the seed of the grass species Oryza sativa (Asian rice) or, less commonly, O. For other uses, see Rice (disambiguation).Ī mixture of brown, white, and red indica rice, also containing wild rice, Zizania species ![]()
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